ABSTRACT
After restrictions on community activities caused by the COVID-19 pandemic were lifted, numerous businesses, including restaurants and cafes, have already resumed normal operations. Competition is also unavoidable. Thus, companies should mo-tivate their managers to develop various operational strategies to increase customer satisfaction. This study aims to analyze the relationship between customer satisfaction and operational management activities, including layout, decoration, location, and cleanliness. In addition, it examines human resource management, food quality, and atmosphere as mediating variables. Data were obtained using an online questionnaire conducted between June and December 2021. A total of 1,068 clients of cafes and res-taurants were selected as the participants using purposive random sampling. Data were evaluated using variance-based structural equation modeling. The results showed that operational management activities promote cafes and restaurants (p-value = 0.000). Furthermore, this study indicates the role of infrastructure elements, specifically hu-man resource management, atmosphere, and food quality, as moderating variables on customer satisfaction (p-value = 0.000). Overall, the findings of this empirical study provide a theoretical contribution by emphasizing cafe and restaurant operational strategies that enhance customer satisfaction.
ABSTRACT
Background: The Pandemic Related Pregnancy Stress Scale (PREPS) is an instrument that assesses pandemic-related stress in pregnant women. Objective: This study aimed to validate the Indonesian version of the Pandemic Related Pregnancy Stress Scale (PREPS). Methods: Validation procedures include forward and backward translation, pretest and cognitive interview, construct validity test, and instrument reliability test. Pregnant women involved in this study agreed to participate with informed consent. Results: The results of the construct validity test showed that each item of the PREPS questionnaire statement had an rcount > rtable (α=0.01;df=28), starting from the lowest 0.562 to the largest 0.847, with an rtable value (α=0.01;df = 28) equal to 0.3610. The Cronbach's alpha value of 0.841 indicates good reliability of the scale. Conclusion: The Indonesian version of the PREPS is valid and has good reliability.